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Smestow Brook
The Smestow Brook, sometimes called the River Smestow, is a small river that plays an important part in the drainage of Wolverhampton, South Staffordshire, and parts of Dudley in the United Kingdom, and has contributed to the industrial development of the Black Country. It is the most important tributary of the River Stour, Worcestershire and part of the River Severn catchment.〔The Smestow was also known as the River Smestall in some 19th-century (and earlier) reference works. For example "Smestall, a river in Stafford, which runs into the Stour near Stourton-Castle" ().〕
==Etymology and usage==
The name of the stream may be of Anglo-Saxon origin, although it was not written down before the 14th century in the Middle English forms ''Smetheslall'' and ''Smethestalle''. As late as the 19th century, the name was still generally rendered ''Smestall'' in surveys of the county. It means ″place of the smiths″.〔W. H. Duignan, ''Notes on Staffordshire Place Names'', Henry Frowde, London, 1902.〕 The whole of this part of the West Midlands was famed for iron production from the Middle Ages onwards. The nearby Kinver Forest and Wyre Forest supplied charcoal for smelting and working iron before the Industrial Revolution. Both the lower Smestow and the Stour were lined with bloomeries and forges, their water used for cooling and later to power simple machinery.
Some local people maintain that the lower part of the stream, approximately from Wombourne, is properly called the River Smestow, while the upper section is the Smestow Brook. Certainly the lower Smestow is much more impressive since dredging and course alterations in the 1990s. In practice, however, both forms are used for the whole length of the stream, with Smestow Brook predominating. Similarly, the term Smestow Valley is sometimes reserved for the narrow section from Aldersley to Wightwick, although it can be used for the entire catchment, including the much wider plain south of Trescott. The Smestow itself created neither of these features: it simply flows through a landscape opened up by glaciation in the last Ice Age.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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